Artykuły

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Browsing Artykuły by Subject "agriculture"

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    Current Status and Prospects for the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in the Agricultural Sector in Poland
    (MDPI, 2025-08-11) Oleszek, Marta; Witorożec-Piechnik, Agata; Radzikowski, Paweł; Matyka, Mariusz
    In Poland, renewable energy sources (RESs) are becoming increasingly significant, also in the agricultural sector. Poland has committed to EU energy policies to achieve a 21% share of RESs in gross final energy consumption until 2030. The newest data from 2023 indicates that up to that time, it was 16.56%. The situation is slightly worse in transport, where a 6% share of RESs has been achieved, compared to 14%, which is the target for 2030. The agricultural sector plays a significant role in this transition, as it offers opportunities for bioenergy production, such as biogas and biofuels, derived from agricultural waste and residues, but also by giving a place for photovoltaic panels and windmill farms. While the progress made is evident, challenges persist. This review paper presents the current status and prospects for the development of RESs with particular emphasis on the share of the agricultural sector. To do this, desk research and a literature review have been conducted. The newest statistics have been presented. A significant opportunity for the development of RESs in agriculture lies in harnessing the potential of the raw material base for biogas production, as well as leveraging funding from numerous support programs. A significant opportunity also exists for the development of agrivoltaics. Creating a legal framework for the development of agrivoltaics, as well as creating equal opportunities for all RESs to obtain funding, is a challenge. A major identified challenge that must be addressed, in order to capitalize on the potential of Polish agriculture for the development of RESs, is increasing connection capacity and expanding and modernizing the energy system.
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    Development of Agriculture in Mountain Areas in Europe: Organisational and Economic Versus Environmental Aspects
    (MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, 2026-01-03) Zieliński, Marek ; Łopatka, Artur ; Koza, Piotr ; Sobierajewska, Jolanta ; Juszczyk, Sławomir ; Józwiak, Wojciech
    The article analyses the direction and intensity of changes occurring in agriculture in mountain areas in Europe between 2000 and 2022. For the calculations, the ESA CCI Land Cover global land-use map set was used. This dataset was established by the European Space Agency (ESA) through the classification of satellite images from sources (MERIS, AVHRR, SPOT, PROBA, and Sentinel-3). In the next step, the organisational features and economic performance of farms located in mountain areas of the European Union were determined for the period 2004–2022. For this purpose, data from the European Farms Accountancy Data Network (FADN-FSDN) were used. Subsequently, using Poland as a case study, the capacity of mountain agriculture to implement key environmental interventions under the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023–2027 was assessed. The results highlight the varying directions and intensity of organisational changes occurring in mountain agriculture across Europe. They also show that farms can operate successfully in these areas, although their economic situation varies between EU countries. The findings indicate the need for further adaptation of CAP instruments to better reflect the ecological and economic conditions of mountain areas. Strengthening support mechanisms for these regions within the current and future CAP is of crucial importance for protecting biodiversity, promoting sustainable land use, and maintaining the socio-environmental functions of rural mountain landscapes. Our study highlights that the CAP for mountain farms should be targeted, long-term, and compensatory, so as to compensate for the naturally unfavorable farming conditions and support their multifunctional role. The most important assumptions of CAP for mountain farms are a fair system of compensatory payments (LFA/ANCs), support for local and high-quality production, income diversification, and investments adapted to mountain conditions.
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    Polyphenolic and Immunometric Profiling of Wheat Varieties: Impact of Organic and Conventional Farming on Allergenic and Bioactive Compounds
    (MDPI, 2025) Bartos, Adrian; Malik, Alicja; Feledyn-Szewczyk, Beata; Jończyk, Krzysztof; Kazimierczak, Renata; Hallmann, Ewelina; Leszczyńska, Joanna
    This study investigates the impact of organic and conventional farming on the allergenic and bioactive properties of wheat. The primary aim was to assess the immunometric parameters and polyphenolic composition in four varieties of winter and four varieties of spring wheat cultivated under both farming systems. Immunometric assays focused on gluten content, the allergenic QQQPP peptide, and the panallergenic profilin Tri a 12. While gluten levels (15–20 g/kg) showed no clear dependence on farming type, organic wheat exhibited a mild yet significant increase in QQQPP-dependent immunore activity in five samples (>20 µg/g). However, all organic wheat samples demonstrated a notable reduction in profilin content (<0.6 µg/g), suggesting that the type of wheat cultivation could influence allergenic risk for individuals with wheat-related allergies. Polyphenolic profiling revealed that kaempferol, p-coumaric acid, and gallic acid were the predominant compounds, with organic wheat displaying slightly higher polyphenol levels on average. Despite these differences, the variations were insufficient to determine a superior cultivation method. These findings highlight the potential allergenic and nutritional implications of organic versus conventional wheat farming.