Bibliografia Publikacji Pracowników IUNG-PIB

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Effect of root excretions from spring cereal seedlings on legume seeds germination
(WFL Publisher, 2011-12) Księżak, Jerzy; Staniak, Mariola
Interaction of mixture components begins as early as during seed germination and can contribute to emergence limiting. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of root excretions of spring cereal seedlings on seed germination of legumes seeds. The experiment carried out in March and April 2009 under laboratory conditions, in the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute in Puławy, involved oat (Avena), barley (Hordeum), wheat (Triticum), triticale (x Triticosecale), pea (Pisum sativum), common vetch (Vicia), yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus) and blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius). Two concentrations of excretions were applied: I corresponding to the effect of one cereal seedling on one legume seed, II corresponding to the effect of five cereal seedlings on one legume seed. The effects were examined after 4 and 8 days. Root excretions applied in a lower concentration usually had no effect on the tested parameters characterizing the germination of legume seeds. However, the stimulating effect of barley excretions on the length of the pea and vetch rootlet was recorded as well as the effect of triticale on the length of rootlet and the weight and length of germ in pea. Favorable effect of triticale excretions was found both after 4 and 8 days from their application. Cereal excretions with higher concentrations, except for oat excretions, had mostly an inhibitory and in some cases even destructive effect on seed germination. No favorable effect of wheat excretions on seeds of both legume species was observed on any treatments.
Estimation of productivity and nutritive value of pea-barley mixtures in organic farming
(WFL Publisher, 2012) Staniak, Mariola; Księżak, Jerzy; Bojarszczuk, Jolanta
Cultivation of legume-cereal mixtures brings natural and economic benefits. Legumes in such cropping develop faster, ripe more uniformly and yield more stably especially in less favourable habitats as compared to legumes in pure stand. Mixed fodder contains more nutrient elements and the quality of dry matter is better than legumes in pure sowing. Such mixtures are also an important element of organic farming. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yielding of Pisum sativum cultivar with different foliage types with Hordeum vulgare cropping depending on the share of components in seeds mass in organic farming. Field experiment was carried out in 2008-2010, split-plot design, in four replications. The first rank factor was the cultivar of P. sativum: Set (bipinnate cultivar) and Terno (semi-leafless cultivar) in 2008 and Set and Ramrod (semi-leafless cultivar) in 2009 and 2010. The second rank factor was the percentage of P. sativum in the mixture: 40, 60 and 80%. In the conditions of reduced precipitation (June 2008) the increase of P. sativum percentage in a mixture caused decrease of the yields, independently of the cultivar, while in the wet year (2009) it caused increase of yields. In 2008 and 2010 the yields of mixture of H. vulgare with evaluated P. sativum cultivars were very similar but in 2009 the yield of mixture with Set cultivar was higher than with Ramrod cultivar. The increasing of percentage of P. sativum seeds in the mass of sown seeds had relatively low influence on its morphological features. Higher settling to the first and the last pod have been observed. The increasing of pod number per plants and number of pods per fruiting node has been noted in the Terno cultivar. The increasing of the P. sativum seeds percentage in the yield of mixture had positive effect on the concentration of total protein and crude fat contents, reducing crude fibre. Better quality of fodder has been obtained from mixture of H. vulgare with P. sativum Set cultivar. A cultivar of P. sativum as well as its percentage in the crop mixture had little influence on the content of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. The increasing of potassium concentration in fodder with higher share of P. sativum seeds has been observed.
Nitrogen use efficiency of maize and spring barley under potassium fertilization in long-term field experiment
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2014) Rutkowska, Agnieszka; Pikuła, Dorota; Stępień, Wojciech
In the paper, the results of the long-term field experiment on soil depletion from potassium on yields and selected indices of nitrogen use efficiency of maize and spring barley were presented. The factors of the experiment were potassium fertilization (K plus and K minus treatment) and increasing nitrogen rates. Maize responded for soil exhausting from K in yield reduction over all the range of nitrogen rates applied in the experiment, and spring barley only through the highest rates. The greater values of nitrogen use efficiency indices were proven for barley as compared with maize. Potassium fertilization slightly increased agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency of barley.
Forage grasses under drought stress in conditions of Poland
(Springer-Verlag, 2015) Staniak, Mariola; Kocoń, Anna
Crop performance and yield are the results of genotypic expression as modulated by continuous interaction with the environment. Among the environmental factors, water is one of the most important, which limits the crop production on a global basis. Water resources in the world are steadily diminishing, and in many areas, including Poland, more frequent periods of drought are observed. There are many problems that are specifically related to water scarcity: an extremely dynamic nature of plant water status, relationship to the severity of the effects of water, time stress during ontogeny of plants, and the interaction of water stress with other environmental variables. The paper presents a review of recent literature on the effect of the grasses to drought stress at the level of physiological processes and the possibility of yielding. A better understanding of how long-term growth and yield are affected by water stress should aid in improving irrigation efficiency and practices, in modifying plants for more efficient water use, and in developing effective dryland agriculture.
Efficacy of 15N-nitrogen in fertilization of pea mixtures with wheat, barley, and oats
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2016) Rutkowska, Agnieszka; Pikuła, Dorota
The effect of mineral nitrogen (N) nutrition on seed production and acquisition of 15N from fertilizers by components of cereal-pea mixtures was investigated. Yields of wheat-pea and oats-pea mixtures raised together with the increase of cereals percentage in the pot, and higher seed yields of mixture with barley was affected by a larger share of pea plants. The percentage of nitrogen derived from fertilizers was significantly higher in cereals as compared with pea. Pea accumulated the greatest quantity of nitrogen from fertilizers in straw and roots, and cereals translocated 15N mainly to ears – grain and glumes with rachis. The percentage of 15N in seeds of pea amounted to 15% on the average, and in grain of cereals – 54% to 60% of the total N taken up.
Mild Drought Stress-Induced Changes in Yield, Physiological Processes and Chemical Composition in Festuca, Lolium and Festulolium
(Wiley, 2017) Fariaszewska, A.; Aper, J.; Van Huylenbroeck, J.; Baert, J.; De Riek, J.; Staniak, M.; Pecio, Ł.
The impact of mild drought stress (3 weeks at 40 % field water capacity) on yield, physiological processes, accumulation of proline and phenolic compounds and forage quality parameters in forage grasses was evaluated in pot experiments. During four different growing periods, the effects of water deficit were assessed in nine varieties from five species (Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca pratensis, Festuca arundinacea and Festulolium braunii). All measured parameters were affected by drought stress in the different cuts. Photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and dry matter yield were significantly lower in drought stress than under well-watered conditions in all varieties. Higher wateruse efficiency was only observed during the first and fourth drought period, while this was not the case in the second and third. Mild drought stress significantly increased the content of proline, phenolic acid, flavonoids, water-soluble carbohydrates and protein. All tested grasses showed also an increase of organic matter digestibility and cell wall digestibility under drought stress conditions.
Nutrient Contents in Yellow Lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) and Blue Lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) Cultivars Depending on Habitat Conditions
(HARD Publishing Company, 2018) Księżak, Jerzy; Staniak, Mariola; Bojarszczuk, Jolanta
The objective of the study was to determine the effects of habitat conditions on the content of nutrient in the seeds of different cultivars of blue and yellow lupine. Experiments were located in different parts of Poland. Sixteen cultivars of blue lupine and eight cultivars of yellow lupine were used in these experiments. The study showed that yellow lupine seeds had a higher protein content then blue lupine, and the contents of this component were varied between both cultivars of this species depending on examined factors, while the fiber content was little varied between species and cultivars. The average fat content in the seeds of blue lupine was slightly higher, the amount of starch was a much higher, and the water-soluble sugars slightly lower than in the seeds of yellow lupine. Significant differences between cultivars of blue lupine were found in the contents of crude fat, water-soluble carbohydrates and alkaloids, and between cultivars of yellow lupine in the amounts of crude fat. The cultivation region did not significantly affect only starch accumulation by the tested lupine cultivars as well as alkaloids in yellow lupine. The contents of the other components were varied depending on the area of cultivation.
Evaluation of chemical composition of lentil seeds in sole crop and row intercropped with naked oats in an organic farm
(ALÖKI Kft., 2018) Kraska, P.; Andruszczak, S.; Staniak, M.; Kwiecińska-Poppe, E.; Różyło, K.; Rusecki, H.
The field experiment was conducted to evaluate how row intercropping of the lentil with naked oats as a supporting plant impacts macro- and micronutrient content of two lentil varieties ‘Tina’ and ‘Anita’ as well as a mixture of these two varieties. Additionally, amino acid content and fatty acid composition of lentil seeds were determined. Lentil was sown at a row spacing of 20 and 25 cm. In var. ‘Tina’ seeds, a higher content of K, Ca, Mg, Mn and B was determined than in var. ‘Anita’. ‘Anita’ seeds, in turn, were characterized by a higher content of fat, N, P, Cu, Zn and Fe. Lentil seeds sown at a spacing of 20 cm had a higher content of P, K, Ca, Cu, Zn and B compared to a spacing of 25 cm, but they contained less nitrogen. The presence of oats as a supporting crop deteriorated the quality of lentil seeds by contributing to a reduced content of N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and B compared to sole cropped lentil. A higher content of C18:0, C18:2, C18:3, C20:0, OMEGA 3, and OMEGA 6 acids was determined in ‘Anita’ seeds. Var. ‘Tina’, in turn, contained more C16:0, C18:1 acids. In ‘Anita’ seeds, the content of most evaluated amino acids was determined to be significantly higher than in ‘Tina’ seeds.
Gas exchange parameters in red cover (Trifolium pratense L.) and festulolium (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) under drought stress
(ALÖKI Kft., 2018) Staniak, Mariola; Księżak, Jerzy; Bojarszczuk, Jolanta; Feledyn-Szewczyk, Beata
Water deficit in the soil is one of the factors that limit the yield of crops, causing great damage to agricultural production. This is the result of genotypic expression as modulated by interaction with the environment. The effect of water deficit on gas exchange parameters of Festulolium hybrid and red clover grown in pure stand and in mixture were studied. Two-factor pot experiment was performed in the completely randomized block method, with four replications. Objects were evaluated at two soil moisture levels: well-watered conditions and drought stress. The studies have shown that all the measured parameters were affected by drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were significantly lower under drought stress than under well-watered conditions in all treatments. Red clover grown in a pure stand responded to stress the most, while Festulolium hybrid – the least. It was also found that the highest water use efficiency index (WUE) was observed in Festulolium which proves a more economical water management compared to red clover. The mixtures showed smaller yield losses under drought stress compared to red clover grown in pure stand, which indicates their higher suitability to be grown in areas with less rainfall.
Evaluation of mixtures of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) with spring cereals grown for seeds
(ALÖKI Kft., 2018) Księżak, Jerzy; Staniak, Mariola; Bojarszczuk, Jolanta
Cultivation of legume-cereals mixtures is considered a good agricultural practice in many European countries, especially in organic and low-input farming systems. The aim of the study was to determine the productivity of mixtures of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) with spring cereals, depending on the species of grain component and its percentage in mixture. Field experiments were carried out in the years of 2011-2013 at the Agricultural Experimental Station Grabów in Poland, using the system of random sub-blocks, with a control treatment, in four replications. The study included three species of cereals: wheat (Tricicum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and triticale (Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus), as well as three percentages of lupine in the weight of sown seeds: 40, 60, 80%. The experiment was conducted on the soil of good wheat complex, class IIIa. The studies showed that the highest yield was obtained from the mixture of yellow lupine with wheat. Increasing the percentage of lupine seeds resulted in lower mixture yields, regardless of cereal species. Lupine grown in mixtures with cereals formed less pods, seeds per pod and per plant and produced a lower seed weight compared with their counterparts grown in pure stands. Legumes grown in mixture with cereals favorably affected morphological characteristics of cereals, contributing to their higher tillering and producing a higher number of grains per plant. The grain of cereals grown in mixtures with lupine had higher contents of total protein and crude fibre than the grain of cereals grown in pure stands.
Comparison of maize yield and soil chemical properties under maize (Zea mays L.) grown in monoculture and crop rotation
(Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne i Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, 2018) Księżak, Jerzy; Bojarszczuk, Jolanta; Staniak, Mariola
Maize is one of the crop species that are increasingly grown in no-tillage systems. This approach is conducive better utilization of the agricultural production areas, which - as well as enabling farmers to obtain high yields - improves an overall organization of the agricultural production and its economic efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of maize grown for grain cultivated in monoculture with two methods of soil pre-sowing preparation, and to compare it to the yield achieved in crop rotation. Another aim was to determine the influence of cultivation simplifications on soil chemical properties.The results were derived from field experiments, which were carried out in two sites in Poland. The study showed that the lowest average maize yield was achieved in monoculture with direct sowing. The yields obtained in the monoculture tested in Baborówko were lower by approximately 17% than in the crop rotation system, while in Grabów the respective difference was about 27%. Grain yields in Baborówko were higher by about 33% compared to Grabów. Abandonment of the mechanical cultivation of maize grown in monoculture caused a decrease in the weight of cobs and in the number of grains per cob. The pH of the soil in which maize was grown was more acidic at the end than prior to the experiment, especially in the treatment with crop rotation. The content of P2O5 in the soil was higher after three years of maize cultivation in the direct sowing or full ploughing systems than before the beginning of the experiment, while a decrease in its concentration was recorded in soil cropped with maize grown in crop rotation. The total amount of nitrogen in the soil decreased regardless of the method of pre-sowing soil preparation. The humus content of soil under maize grown in monoculture with direct sowing or with full tillage did not change, while its amount increased in soil under maize grown in crop rotation with cereals.
Changes in nutritive value of alfalfa (Medicago × varia T. Martyn) and Festulolium (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) under drought stress
(Wiley, 2018) Staniak, Mariola; Harasim, Elżbieta
Legume–grass mixtures showed a weaker response to adverse environmental conditions than to monocultures. A yield decrease due to the scarcity of water is well documented, while the impact on the food value is inconsistent. Therefore, we undertook studies to assess the impact of water deficit in the soil on the content of the nutrients in alfalfa and Festulolium grown in monoculture and in mixture. A pot experiment was carried out in 2012–2014 in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The research was carried out at two levels of soil moisture: 70% field water capacity FWC (optimal conditions) and 40% FWC (drought stress). We found that the effect of drought stress on the food value of alfalfa and Festulolium was smaller than on the yield. Water deficit caused a significant yield decrease, the biggest in alfalfa in monoculture. Drought stress significantly reduced the content of crude fibre, the contents of crude protein and crude fat tended to increase. The influence of stress on water-soluble carbohydrates content was not determined. Nutrient content was varied depending on a species. Introducing alfalfa as a component to a mixture with Festulolium caused a significant yield increase and improved the nutritional value of dry matter.
Changes in yield and gas exchange parameters in Festulolium and alfalfa grown in pure sowing and in mixture under drought stress
(Taylor & Francis, 2018) Staniak, Mariola; Bojarszczuk, Jolanta; Księżak, Jerzy
Crop performance and yield are the results of genotypic expression as modulated by continuous interaction with the environment. Among environmental factors, water is globally one of the most limiting for crop production. Water resources in the world are steadily diminishing and in many areas, including Poland, more frequent periods of drought are being observed. The aim of the study was to compare the yields and gas exchange parameters of Festulolium hybrid (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) and alfalfa (Medicago × varia T. Martyn) under different levels of soil moisture (well-watered conditions and drought stress) and cultivation method (pure stand and mixture). The study has shown that all the measured parameters were affected by drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and dry mass yield were significantly lower under drought stress than under well-watered conditions in all treatment types. Alfalfa grown in a pure sowing showed the strongest reaction to stress, while hybrid Festulolium grown in mixture showed the weakest. It was also found that under stress, grass assimilated CO2 and evaporated water much more intensively in mixture cultivation than in pure sowing. Higher water use efficiency (WUE) was observed in alfalfa and Festulolium growing in mixture only in the first year of the study.
Evaluation of the Concentration of Nutrients in the Seeds of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L. major) and PEA (Pisum sativum L.) Depending on Habitat Conditions
(HARD Publishing Company, 2018) Księżak, Jerzy; Bojarszczuk, Jolanta; Staniak, Mariola
The aim of our study was to determine the effect of habitat conditions on the nutrients content in the seeds of different cultivars of faba bean and pea (edible and fodder cultivars). Experiments were located in some different parts of Poland (9 for faba bean, 11 for field pea). Nine cultivars of faba bean, 17 edible cultivars of pea, and 13 fodder cultivars of pea were used in these experiments. The study showed that the contents of components varied between cultivars of both species depending on examined factors. The contents of the components also varied depending on location. In southern Poland the average crude fibre and crude protein contents were higher than in the northern and northwestern parts of the country. Significant differences between cultivars of faba bean were found in the contents of crude fibre, crude protein, and soluble sugars. All the tested faba bean cultivars contained a similar amount of crude fat. The average crude protein and crude fibre content in pea seeds was higher in the fodder cultivars than in the edible ones. The smallest content of fibre among all the cultivars was noted in the northern and the largest in the southeastern regions of Poland. Most cultivars of pea showed a similar sugar content. The most favorable conditions of sugar accumulation occurred in the southern part and the least in the northeastern and the northern parts of the country. Fodder cultivars showed relatively little variability in starch content. The agro-ecological conditions influenced content of concentration of nutrients in the seeds of faba bean and pea.
Yield-Scaled Nitrous Oxide Emission from Soils Depending on Nitrogen Use Efficiency Characteristics
(HARD Publishing Company, 2019) Faber, Antoni; Jarosz, Zuzanna; Jędrejek, Anna; Rutkowska, Agnieszka
Nitrogen fertilization of agricultural crops increases nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils. The data used in this study were obtained from a long-term field experiment for corn, winter wheat and rapeseed cultivated on loam and sandy loam soils, and fertilized with the recommended nitrogen doses (kg N ha1) of 150, 120 and 150, respectively. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between yield-scaled N2O emissions (Eys) and nitrogen yield (Yn), as well as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen surplus (Ns). It was found that the provisionally determined desired yield values (Yn>80 kg N ha-1), NUE (50-90%) and N surplus (Ns<80 kg N ha-1) can be considered as nitrogen utilization efficiency characteristics, reducing yield-scaled N2O emissions. Our study showed that these emissions for desired parameters Yn, NUE and Ns were ≤25.6, 28.3-18.6 and ≤30.9 g N2O_N kg Yn-1, respectively. Estimated Eys were 1.5-2.6 time higher than the minimum emission and 2.2-3.6 times lower than the maximum emission recorded in the analyzed data series. In conclusion, the reduction of nitrogen surplus in our field experiment, significant for environmental protection, did not result in loss of crop yields; on the contrary, it led to their growth.
The Therapeutic Potential of the Labdane Diterpenoid Forskolin
(MDPI, 2019) Salehi, Bahare; Staniak, Mariola; Czopek, Katarzyna; Stępień, Anna; Dua, Kamal; Wadhwa, Ridhima; Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar; Sytar, Oksana; Brestic, Marian; Bhat, Namrata Ganesh; Kumar, Nanjangud Venkatesh Anil; del Mar Contreras, María; Sharopov, Farukh; Cho, William C.; Sharifi-Rad, Javad
Forskolin is mainly found in the root of a plant called Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq., which has been used in the traditional medicine of Indian Ayurvedic and Southeast Asia since ancient times. Forskolin is responsible for the pharmacological activity of this species. Forskolin is a labdane diterpenoid with a wide biological e ect. Several studies suggested a positive role of forskolin on heart complications, respiratory disorders, high blood pressure, obesity, and asthma. There are numerous clinical and pre-clinical studies representing the effect of forskolin on the above-mentioned disorders but more clinical studies need to be performed to support its efficacy.
Euphorbia-Derived Natural Products with Potential for Use in Health Maintenance
(MDPI, 2019) Salehi, Bahare; Iriti, Marcello; Vitalini, Sara; Antolak, Hubert; Pawlikowska, Ewelina; Kręgiel, Dorota; Sharifi-Rad, Javad; Oyeleye, Sunday I.; Ademiluyi, Adedayo O.; Czopek, Katarzyna; Staniak, Mariola; Custódio, Luísa; Coy-Barrera, Ericsson; Segura-Carretero, Antonio; de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea, María; Capasso, Raffaele; Cho, William C.; Seca, Ana M. L.
Euphorbia genus (Euphorbiaceae family), which is the third largest genus of angiosperm plants comprising ca. 2000 recognized species, is used all over the world in traditional medicine, especially in the traditional Chinese medicine. Members of this taxa are promptly recognizable by their specialized inflorescences and latex. In this review, an overview of Euphorbia-derived natural products such as essential oils, extracts, and pure compounds, active in a broad range of biological activities, and with potential usages in health maintenance, is described. The chemical composition of essential oils from Euphorbia species revealed the presence of more than 80 phytochemicals, mainly oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons, while Euphorbia extracts contain secondary metabolites such as sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sterols, flavonoids, and other polyphenols. The extracts and secondary metabolites from Euphorbia plants may act as active principles of medicines for the treatment of many human ailments, mainly inflammation, cancer, and microbial infections. Besides, Euphorbia-derived products have great potential as a source of bioactive extracts and pure compounds, which can be used to promote longevity with more health.
Comparison of the Effect of Perennial Energy Crops and Agricultural Crops on Weed Flora Diversity
(MDPI, 2019) Feledyn-Szewczyk, Beata; Matyka, Mariusz; Staniak, Mariola
The cultivation of perennial energy crops is a new agricultural system and so there is limited information available on its effects on biodiversity. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the cultivation of energy crops on the diversity of weed flora and to compare this diversity with that found in crop production systems on arable land. The best habitats for weed flora were created by willow (Salix viminalis), poplar (Populus sp.), false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), and perennial grasses (25–30 species), with the exception of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) (20 species). The lowest diversity and abundance of weed flora were observed on plantations of Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). Weed communities in energy crops included more perennial species (by 11%), ruderal species (by 10%), and those typical for grassland (by 7%) and forests (by 4%), in comparison to arable land. The plantations of energy plants promoted an increase in the density of the invasive species Solidago gigantea (from 1.9 to 6.3 plants m-2 over six years). The introduction of perennial energy crops into an agricultural landscape causes quantitative and qualitative changes in weed flora communities and, therefore, control of the spread of some non-native and invasive species is needed.
Changes in yield and nutritive value of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Festulolium (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) under drought stress
(Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland, 2019) Staniak, Mariola
The aim of the research was to assess the impact of water stress on the yield and content of basic nutrients in the biomass of Trifolium pratense and Festulolium braunii cultivated in pure stand and in mixture. A pot experiment was carried out in 2012–2014, at two levels of soil moisture: well-watered and drought stress. The study showed that stress significantly reduced the dry matter yield (DMY), the most in T. pratense, followed by mixture, and F. braunii. The effect of drought stress on the nutritive value was considerable less pronounced than the influence on DMY. No significant influence of water deficit on crude protein, crude fibre and crude ash contents was found, but only on water-soluble carbohydrate and crude fat content in one year of the study. It was found, that under drought stress T. pratense is more suitable for cultivation in the mixture with F. braunii than in pure stand, due to a lower reduction of DMY and no adverse effect of water deficiency on yield quality.
Zmiany odczynu i zasobności w składniki pokarmowe gleb uprawnych Lubelszczyzny
(University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 2020) Tkaczyk, Przemysław; Rutkowska, Agnieszka
Wyniki uzyskano na podstawie badań środowiskowych przeprowadzonych w roku 2012 i 2016. Na badanym obszarze wyznaczono 318 punktów pobierania próbek glebowych, z czego 249 wyznaczono na gruntach ornych, 69 na użytkach zielonych (45 na glebach bardzo lekkich, 103 na lekkich, 101 na średnich i 69 na ciężkich). W pobranych próbkach glebowych oznaczono skład granulometryczny metodą laserową, pH w 1 mol KCl dm–3, fosfor i potas przyswajalny metodą Egnera-Riehma (DL), magnez przyswajalny po ekstrakcji z gleby 0,0125 mol CaCl2 dm–3. Uzyskane wyniki badań oceniono na podstawie liczb granicznych obowiązujących w Polsce. Stwierdzono, że w pięciu powiatach (biłgorajski, parczewski, rycki, świdnicki, tomaszowski) nastąpił wzrost udziału procentowego gleb kwaśnych i bardzo kwaśnych w roku 2016 w porównaniu z rokiem 2012. W pozostałych powiatach udział ten zmniejszył się lub pozostał niezmieniony. Pomimo odnotowanej poprawy odczynu gleby pomiędzy rokiem 2012 a 2016 udział gleb wymagających koniecznego lub potrzebnego wapnowania zmniejszył się o ponad 4 p.p., z 36% w roku 2012 do 31,9% w roku 2016. Jednocześnie udział gleb o ograniczonych potrzebach wapnowania lub braku jego konieczności był podobny w obu latach badań (50%). Zasobność gleby w przyswajalne formy badanych makroelementów (P, K, Mg) zmniejszyła się w roku 2016 w porównaniu z rokiem 2012. Wzrost udziału gleb o bardzo niskiej i niskiej zasobności w roku 2016 był różny w zależności od pierwiastka i wynosił: 1 p.p. dla fosforu (wzrost z 27% w roku 2012 do 28% w roku 2016), 4,3 p.p. dla potasu (46,1% – 2012, 50,4% – 2016), 6,4 p.p. dla magnezu (54,9% – 2012, 61,3% – 2016). Wzrost udziału gleb o niskiej i bardzo niskiej zasobności w makroelementy (P, K, Mg) w roku 2016, w porównaniu z rokiem 2012, świadczy o konieczności wprowadzenia zrównoważonego nawożenia tymi składnikami, uwzględniającego zasobność gleby oraz potrzeby pokarmowe uprawianych roślin.

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