Changes in Growth and Metabolic Profile of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in Response to Sodium Chloride

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dc.contributor.authorŚlusarczyk, Sylwester
dc.contributor.authorGrzelka, Kajetan
dc.contributor.authorJaśpińska, Joanna
dc.contributor.authorPawlikowska-Bartosz, Anna
dc.contributor.authorPecio, Łukasz
dc.contributor.authorStafiniak, Marta
dc.contributor.authorRahimmalek, Mehdi
dc.contributor.authorSłupski, Wojciech
dc.contributor.authorCieślak, Adam
dc.contributor.authorMatkowski, Adam
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-29T16:22:40Z
dc.date.available2024-12-29T16:22:40Z
dc.date.issued2024-12-17
dc.description.abstractScutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a valuable medicinal plant of the Lamiaceae family. Its roots have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the name Huang-qin) since antiquity and are nowadays included in Chinese and European Pharmacopoeias. It is abundant in bioactive compounds which constitute up to 20% of dried root mass. These substances are lipophilic flavones with unsubstituted B-ring, baicalein, and wogonin and their respective glucuronides–baicalin and wogonoside being the most abundant. The content of these compounds is variable and the environmental factors causing this remain partially unknown. The role of these compounds in stress response is still being investigated and in our efforts to measure the effect of NaCl treatment on S. baicalensis growth and metabolic profile, we hope to contribute to this research. Short-term exposure to salt stress (50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl) resulted in a marked increase of baicalein from 1.55 mg to 2.55 mg/g DM (1.6-fold), baicalin from 8.2 mg to 14.7 mg (1.8-fold), wogonin from 4.9 to 6.8 (1.4-fold), and wogonoside from 3.3 to 6.8 mg/g DM (2-fold) in the roots. Conversely, in the aerial parts, the content of individual major flavonoids: carthamidine-7-O-glucuronide and scutellarein-7-O-glucuronide decreased the most by 10–50% from 18.6 mg to 11.3 mg/g (1.6-fold less) and from 6.5 mg to 3.4 mg/g DM (0.52-fold less), respectively. The amino acid profile was also altered with an increase in root concentrations of the following amino acids: arginine from 0.19 to 0.33 mg/g (1.7-fold), glutamate from 0.09 to 0.16 mg/g DM (1.6-fold), alanine from 0.009 to 0.06 mg/g (6.8-fold), proline from 0.011 to 0.029 (2.4-fold) and lysine from 0.016 to 0.063 mg/g (3.9-fold). Aspartate concentration decreased from 0.01 to 0.002 mg/g (4.8-fold less) at 150 mM NaCl. In the aerial parts, the concentration and variation in levels of specific amino acids differed among groups. For instance, the glutamate content exhibited a significant increase exclusively in the treatment group, rising from 0.031 to 0.034 mg/g, representing a 1.2-fold increase. Proline concentration showed a marked increase across all treated groups with the highest from 0.011 to 0.11 mg/g (10-fold). In conclusion, moderate salt stress was shown to increase S. baicalensis root biomass and flavonoid content which is rarely observed in a glycophyte species and provides a foundation for further studies on the mechanisms of osmotic stress adaptation on the specialized metabolism level.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by the Wroclaw Medical University grant SUBZ.D030.24.081 to A.M. and FUGA grant from the Polish National Center of Science 2014/12/S/NZ9/00715 to S.Ś. Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants received support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland for special research facility decision No. 28/598769/SPUB/SP/2024.
dc.identifier.citationBiology 2024, 13, 1058
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/biology13121058
dc.identifier.issn2079-7737
dc.identifier.urihttps://bc.iung.pl/handle/123456789/2577
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.subjectsodium chloride
dc.subjectBaikal skullcap
dc.subjectbaicalein
dc.subjectflavone glucuronides
dc.subjectbioactive compounds
dc.subjectamino acids
dc.titleChanges in Growth and Metabolic Profile of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in Response to Sodium Chloride
dc.typeArticle
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