Monitoring Systems of Agricultural Soils Across Europe Regarding the Upcoming European Soil Monitoring Law

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dc.contributor.authorMason, Eloïse
dc.contributor.authorCornu, Sophie
dc.contributor.authorArrouays, Dominique
dc.contributor.authorFantappiè, Maria
dc.contributor.authorJones, Arwyn
dc.contributor.authorGötzinger, Sophia
dc.contributor.authorSpiegel, Heide
dc.contributor.authorOorts, Katrien
dc.contributor.authorChartin, Caroline
dc.contributor.authorBorůvka, Luboš
dc.contributor.authorPihlap, Evelin
dc.contributor.authorPutku, Elsa
dc.contributor.authorHeikkinen, Jaakko
dc.contributor.authorBoulonne, Line
dc.contributor.authorPoeplau, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorMarx, Marc
dc.contributor.authorTagliaferri, Elisa
dc.contributor.authorVinci, Ialina
dc.contributor.authorLeitāns, Lauris
dc.contributor.authorArmolaitis, Kęstutis
dc.contributor.authorvan Egmond, Fenny
dc.contributor.authorKobza, Jozef
dc.contributor.authorWetterlind, Johanna
dc.contributor.authorDrobnik, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorHirte, Juliane
dc.contributor.authorHefler, József
dc.contributor.authorSmreczak, Bożena
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho Gomes, Lucas
dc.contributor.authorHumlekrog Greve, Mogens
dc.contributor.authorBispo, Antonio
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-26T10:25:44Z
dc.date.available2025-08-26T10:25:44Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractIn Europe, 60%–70% of soils are considered degraded, underscoring the urgent need for consistent monitoring to prevent further degradation and support evidence-based policies for sustainable soil management. Many countries in Europe have implemented one or more soil monitoring systems (SMSs), often established long before the EU-wide “Land Use/Cover Area frame statistical Survey Soil”, LUCAS Soil program. As a result, their sampling strategies and analytical methodologies vary significantly. The proposed EU Directive on Soil Monitoring and Resilience (Soil Monitoring Law, SML) aims to address these differences by establishing a unified framework for systematic soil health monitoring across the EU. This paper assesses the compatibility of the 25 identified SMSs from countries participating in the EJP SOIL Program with the anticipated requirements of the SML. The analysis focuses on critical aspects, including sampling strategies, analytical methods, and data accessibility. Results show significant variability in SMS approaches, including sampling depth, monitored land uses, and analytical methods, which limit cross-system comparability. Despite challenges, opportunities for harmonization include aligning SMSs with the LUCAS Soil methodology, developing transfer functions, and adopting scoring systems for soil health evaluation. Enhanced collaboration and data accessibility are also emphasized as critical for achieving the SML's objectives. This research provides actionable recommendations to harmonise SMSs with the SML framework, promoting coordinated soil monitoring efforts across Europe to support the EU's goal of achieving healthy soils by 2050.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was developed in the framework of the European Joint Program for SOIL “Towards Climate-Smart Sustainable Management of Agricultural Soils” (EJP SOIL) funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Grant agreement no. 862695). Sophia Götzinger acknowledges the European Union's Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Program funding for the BENCHMARKS project (Grant agreement: 101091010).
dc.identifier.citationEuropean Journal of Soil Science, 2025; 76:e70163
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/ejss.70163
dc.identifier.issnISSN: 1351-0754 eISSN: 1365-2389
dc.identifier.urihttps://bc.iung.pl/handle/123456789/3292
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.subjectEJPSOIL
dc.subjectharmonization
dc.subjectLUCAS
dc.subjectmonitoring networks
dc.subjectsoil health
dc.subjectweb-based survey
dc.titleMonitoring Systems of Agricultural Soils Across Europe Regarding the Upcoming European Soil Monitoring Law
dc.typeArticle
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