Expanding Knowledge about the Influence of Citral on Cognitive Functions—In Vitro, In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies

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dc.contributor.authorWojtunik-Kulesza, Karolina
dc.contributor.authorRudkowska, Monika
dc.contributor.authorKlimek, Katarzyna
dc.contributor.authorAgacka-Mołdoch, Monika
dc.contributor.authorMołdoch, Jarosław
dc.contributor.authorMichalak, Agnieszka
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-15T10:11:31Z
dc.date.available2024-07-15T10:11:31Z
dc.date.issued2024-06-22
dc.description.abstractCitral, a common monoterpene found in numerous plants, is an interesting compound that has been shown to have various biological activities. Although it is widely distributed in nature and there are many studies presenting its biological activities, its anti-neurodegenerative activity, especially under in vivo conditions, is very poorly understood. Thus, this paper aimed to deepen knowledge about citral activity towards factors and symptoms of neurodegeneration. To accomplish this, several comprehensive tests were conducted, including the estimation of butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, the evaluation of hepatotoxicity and the detection of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in vitro, as well as an in vivo behavioral assessment using mice models. Additionally, ex vivo determination of level of the compound in the brain and blood of a tested animal was undertaken. The results obtained revealed that citral is able to inhibit butyrylcholinesterase activity and protect hepatic cells against oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in vitro. Moreover, behavioral tests in vivo indicated that citral (50 mg/kg) improves memory processes associated with acquisition (passive avoidance test), both in acute and subchronic administration. Additionally, we found that the administration of citral at 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg did not significantly affect the locomotor activity. Beyond the aforementioned, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of the compound in the blood and brain after subchronic administration of citral. Taken together, the results obtained in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo clearly indicate that citral is a promising monoterpene that can potentially be used towards cognition improvement.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was conducted as part of project: Internal Grants for Young Scientists(ID:PBmb65) funded by Medical University of Lublin, Poland
dc.identifier.citationWojtunik-Kulesza, K.; Rudkowska, M.; Klimek, K.; Agacka-Mołdoch, M.; Mołdoch, J.; Michalak, A. Expanding Knowledge about the Influence of Citral on Cognitive Functions—In Vitro, In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 6866. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136866
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijms25136866
dc.identifier.issn1422-0067
dc.identifier.urihttps://bc.iung.pl/handle/123456789/1508
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.subjectcitral
dc.subjectmemory
dc.subjectmice
dc.subjectbrain
dc.subjectneurodegeneration
dc.subjectbutyrylcholinesteraze
dc.subjecthepatotoxicity
dc.subjectpassive avoidance test
dc.subjectlocomotor activity
dc.subjectlipid peroxidation
dc.titleExpanding Knowledge about the Influence of Citral on Cognitive Functions—In Vitro, In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies
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