The Effect of Polyploidisation on the Physiological Parameters, Biochemical Profile, and Tolerance to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses of Plants

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dc.contributor.authorKoziara-Ciupa, Marta
dc.contributor.authorTrojak-Goluch, Anna
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-26T07:12:34Z
dc.date.available2025-08-26T07:12:34Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractPolyploidisation is a very common phenomenon in the plant kingdom and plays a key role in plant evolution and breeding. It promotes speciation and the extension of biodiversity. It is estimated that approximately 47% of flowering plant species are polyploids, derived from two or more diploid ancestral species. In natural populations, the predominant methods of whole-genome multiplication are somatic cell polyploidisation, meiotic cell polyploidisation, or endoreduplication. The formation and maintenance of polyploidy is accompanied by a series of epigenetic and gene expression changes, leading to alterations in the structural, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of polyploids relative to diploids. This article provides information on the mechanisms of formation of natural and synthetic polyploids. It presents a number of examples of the effects of polyploidisation on the composition and content of secondary metabolites of polyploids, providing evidence of the importance of the phenomenon in plant adaptation to the environment, improvement of wild species, and crops. It aims to gather and systematise knowledge on the effects of polyploidisation on plant physiological traits, including stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), light saturation point (LSP), as well as the most important photosynthetic parameters determining biomass accumulation. The text also presents the latest findings on the adaptation of polyploids to biotic and abiotic stresses and explains the basic mechanisms of epigenetic changes determining resistance to selected stress factors.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded as a part of scientific-research sub-programme 1, task 1.16 implemented in 2024–2027, within the statutory activity of the IUNG-PIB, Puławy, Poland, financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education
dc.identifier.citationAgronomy 2025, 15, 1918
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/agronomy15081918
dc.identifier.issn2073-4395
dc.identifier.urihttps://bc.iung.pl/handle/123456789/3290
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.subjectpolyploids
dc.subjectsecondary metabolites
dc.subjectphysiological traits
dc.subjectstress tolerance
dc.titleThe Effect of Polyploidisation on the Physiological Parameters, Biochemical Profile, and Tolerance to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses of Plants
dc.typeArticle
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