Changes in metabolism and content of chlorophyll in common duckweed (Lemna minor L.) caused by environmental contamination with fluorides.

dc.contributor.authorKamiński, Jan
dc.contributor.authorStachelska-Wierzchowska, Alicja
dc.contributor.authorMichalczyk, Dariusz J.
dc.contributor.authorKlimkowicz-Pawlas, Agnieszka
dc.contributor.authorOlkowska, Ewa
dc.contributor.authorWolska, Lidia
dc.contributor.authorPiotrowicz-Cieślak, Agnieszka I.
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-24T14:56:53Z
dc.date.available2024-05-24T14:56:53Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractThe impact of fluorine on plants remains poorly understood. We examined duckweed growth in extracts of soil contaminated with fluorine leached from chicken manure. Additionally, fluorine levels were analyzed in fresh manure, outdoor-stored manure, and soil samples at varying distances from the manure pile. Fresh manure contained 37–48 mg F− × kg−1, while soil extracts contained 2.1 to 4.9 mg F− × kg−1. We evaluated the physiological effects of fluorine on duckweed cultured on soil extracts or in 50% Murashige–Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with fluorine concentrations matching those in soil samples (2.1 to 4.9 mg F− × L−1), as well as at 0, 4, and 210 mg × L−1. Duckweed exposed to fluorine displayed similar toxicity symptoms whether in soil extracts or supplemented medium. Fluoride at concentrations of 2.1 to 4.9 mg F− × L−1 reduced the intact chlorophyll content, binding the porphyrin ring at position 32 without affecting Mg2+. This reaction resulted in chlorophyll a absorption peak shifted towards shorter wavelengths and formation of a new band of the F−-chlorophyll a complex at λ = 421 nm. Moreover, plants exposed to low concentrations of fluorine exhibited increased activities of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and chlorophyllase, whereas the activities of both enzymes sharply declined when the fluoride concentration exceeded 4.9 mg × L−1. Consequently, fluorine damages chlorophyll a, disrupts the activity of chlorophyll-metabolizing enzymes, and diminishes the plant growth rate, even when the effects of these disruptions are too subtle to be discerned by the naked human eye.
dc.identifier.citationMolecules 2024, Vol. 29(10), 2336
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ molecules29102336
dc.identifier.issn1420-3049
dc.identifier.urihttps://bc.iung.pl/handle/123456789/1234
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.subjectchlorophyllase
dc.subjectaminolevulinic acid dehydratase
dc.subjectfluoride
dc.subjectchlorophyll absorption spectra
dc.subjectintensive poultry farming
dc.titleChanges in metabolism and content of chlorophyll in common duckweed (Lemna minor L.) caused by environmental contamination with fluorides.
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