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Browsing by Author "Staniak, Mariola"

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Challenges of Pasture Feeding Systems—Opportunities and Constraints
(MDPI, 2023) Wróbel, Barbara; Zielewicz, Waldemar; Staniak, Mariola
Grazing plays an important role in milk production in most regions of the world. Despite the importance of grazing, current trends in livestock farming in Europe are causing a decline in the popularity of pasture-based feeding of dairy cows. This paper aims to provide an overview of the challenges faced by the pasture feeding system under climate change. Grazing lands provide ecosystem services including regulation and storage of water flows, nutrient cycling, and C sequestration. Livestock grazing is the most important factor shaping and stabilizing pasture biodiversity. Some opportunities for pasture feeding are the health-promoting and nutritional qualities of milk and milk products, especially milk from pasture-fed cows. The beneficial effects of pasture feeding on animal health and welfare are not insignificant. Available organizational innovations can help better manage livestock grazing and, above all, better understand the impact of the grazing process on the environment and climate change.
Changes in nutritive value of alfalfa (Medicago × varia T. Martyn) and Festulolium (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) under drought stress
(Wiley, 2018) Staniak, Mariola; Harasim, Elżbieta
Legume–grass mixtures showed a weaker response to adverse environmental conditions than to monocultures. A yield decrease due to the scarcity of water is well documented, while the impact on the food value is inconsistent. Therefore, we undertook studies to assess the impact of water deficit in the soil on the content of the nutrients in alfalfa and Festulolium grown in monoculture and in mixture. A pot experiment was carried out in 2012–2014 in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The research was carried out at two levels of soil moisture: 70% field water capacity FWC (optimal conditions) and 40% FWC (drought stress). We found that the effect of drought stress on the food value of alfalfa and Festulolium was smaller than on the yield. Water deficit caused a significant yield decrease, the biggest in alfalfa in monoculture. Drought stress significantly reduced the content of crude fibre, the contents of crude protein and crude fat tended to increase. The influence of stress on water-soluble carbohydrates content was not determined. Nutrient content was varied depending on a species. Introducing alfalfa as a component to a mixture with Festulolium caused a significant yield increase and improved the nutritional value of dry matter.
Changes in yield and gas exchange parameters in Festulolium and alfalfa grown in pure sowing and in mixture under drought stress
(Taylor & Francis, 2018) Staniak, Mariola; Bojarszczuk, Jolanta; Księżak, Jerzy
Crop performance and yield are the results of genotypic expression as modulated by continuous interaction with the environment. Among environmental factors, water is globally one of the most limiting for crop production. Water resources in the world are steadily diminishing and in many areas, including Poland, more frequent periods of drought are being observed. The aim of the study was to compare the yields and gas exchange parameters of Festulolium hybrid (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) and alfalfa (Medicago × varia T. Martyn) under different levels of soil moisture (well-watered conditions and drought stress) and cultivation method (pure stand and mixture). The study has shown that all the measured parameters were affected by drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and dry mass yield were significantly lower under drought stress than under well-watered conditions in all treatment types. Alfalfa grown in a pure sowing showed the strongest reaction to stress, while hybrid Festulolium grown in mixture showed the weakest. It was also found that under stress, grass assimilated CO2 and evaporated water much more intensively in mixture cultivation than in pure sowing. Higher water use efficiency (WUE) was observed in alfalfa and Festulolium growing in mixture only in the first year of the study.
Changes in yield and nutritive value of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Festulolium (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) under drought stress
(Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland, 2019) Staniak, Mariola
The aim of the research was to assess the impact of water stress on the yield and content of basic nutrients in the biomass of Trifolium pratense and Festulolium braunii cultivated in pure stand and in mixture. A pot experiment was carried out in 2012–2014, at two levels of soil moisture: well-watered and drought stress. The study showed that stress significantly reduced the dry matter yield (DMY), the most in T. pratense, followed by mixture, and F. braunii. The effect of drought stress on the nutritive value was considerable less pronounced than the influence on DMY. No significant influence of water deficit on crude protein, crude fibre and crude ash contents was found, but only on water-soluble carbohydrate and crude fat content in one year of the study. It was found, that under drought stress T. pratense is more suitable for cultivation in the mixture with F. braunii than in pure stand, due to a lower reduction of DMY and no adverse effect of water deficiency on yield quality.
Chemical Composition, Biological Activity, and Health-Promoting Effects of Withania somnifera for Pharma-Food Industry Applications
(Wiley, 2021) Sharifi-Rad, Javad; Quispe, Cristina; Ayatollahi, Seyed Abdulmajid; Kobarfard, Farzad; Staniak, Mariola; Stępień, Anna; Czopek, Katarzyna; Sen, Surjit; Acharya, Krishnendu; Matthews, Karl R.; Sener, Bilge; Devkota, Hari Prasad; Kırkın, Celale; Ozçelik, Beraat; Victoriano, Montserrat; Martorell, Miquel; Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul; Alshehri, Mohammed M.; Chandran, Deepak; Kumar, Manoj; Cruz-Martins, Natalia; Cho, William C.
The Withania genus comes from the Solanaceae family and includes around 23 species, spread over some areas of the Mediterranean, Asia, and East Africa. Widely used in traditional medicine for thousands of years, these plants are rich in secondary metabolites, with special emphasis on steroidal lactones, named withanolides which are used as ingredients in numerous formulations for a plethora of diseases, such as asthma, diabetes, arthritis, impotence, amnesia, hypertension, anxiety, stress, cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases, and many others. Among them, Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is the most widely addressed species from a pharmacological and agroindustrial point of view. In this sense, this review provides an overview of the folk uses, phytochemical composition, and biological activity, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activity of W. somnifera, although more recently other species have also been increasingly investigated. In addition, their health-promoting effects, i.e., antistress, anxiolytic, adaptogenic, antirheumatoid arthritis, chemoprotective, and cardiorespiratory-enhancing abilities, along with safety and adverse effects are also discussed.
Cold Stress during Flowering Alters Plant Structure, Yield and Seed Quality of Different Soybean Genotypes
(MDPI, 2021) Staniak, Mariola; Czopek, Katarzyna; Stępień-Warda, Anna; Kocira, Anna; Przybyś, Marcin
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of cold stress at flowering stage on plant structure, yield and chemical composition of seeds of 15 soybean cultivars. The study was conducted in 2019–2020, using the complete randomization method, in three replications. Fifteen soybean cultivars belonging to three maturity groups: early (EC), middle-early (MC) and late (LC) cultivars were included. Weekly cold stress (17/13 °C day/night) was applied at plant flowering stage. In the control treatment, plants were kept under natural conditions (24/17 °C day/night). Our research showed that cold stress negatively influenced the elements of plant structure: height, number of nodes, stem dry mass, number and weight of pods, number and weight of seeds per plant, as well as yield of soybean seeds, reducing it on average by 24%, as compared to the control treatment. The highest yield decrease was found in LC cultivars (31.2%), while a smaller and similar one in EC and MC cultivars (by 19.7 and 20.1%, respectively). Significant varietal differences were found for plant biometric traits and seed yield. EC cultivars had the lowest set first pod, as well as the lowest number of nodes, number of pods and seeds, pod and seed weight per plant, and seed yield. MC cultivars had the highest set first pod, and the smallest stem DM and seed yield average by 29.2% higher compared to EC cultivars. LC cultivars had the highest stem DM, number of pods and seeds, and pod and seed weight per plant compared to the other cultivar groups, and yield by 22.8% higher compared to EC cultivars. The experimental factors significantly affected crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash content, while they did not differentiate water-soluble carbohydrate and crude fiber content. Cold stress at the flowering stage caused a significant increase in protein content (by 4.1% on average) and ash content (by 3.8%) and a decrease in fat concentration (by 6.9%) in soybean seeds. Differences in nutrient content among cultivars were a genetic trait not related to cultivar maturity.
Comparison of maize yield and soil chemical properties under maize (Zea mays L.) grown in monoculture and crop rotation
(Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne i Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, 2018) Księżak, Jerzy; Bojarszczuk, Jolanta; Staniak, Mariola
Maize is one of the crop species that are increasingly grown in no-tillage systems. This approach is conducive better utilization of the agricultural production areas, which - as well as enabling farmers to obtain high yields - improves an overall organization of the agricultural production and its economic efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of maize grown for grain cultivated in monoculture with two methods of soil pre-sowing preparation, and to compare it to the yield achieved in crop rotation. Another aim was to determine the influence of cultivation simplifications on soil chemical properties.The results were derived from field experiments, which were carried out in two sites in Poland. The study showed that the lowest average maize yield was achieved in monoculture with direct sowing. The yields obtained in the monoculture tested in Baborówko were lower by approximately 17% than in the crop rotation system, while in Grabów the respective difference was about 27%. Grain yields in Baborówko were higher by about 33% compared to Grabów. Abandonment of the mechanical cultivation of maize grown in monoculture caused a decrease in the weight of cobs and in the number of grains per cob. The pH of the soil in which maize was grown was more acidic at the end than prior to the experiment, especially in the treatment with crop rotation. The content of P2O5 in the soil was higher after three years of maize cultivation in the direct sowing or full ploughing systems than before the beginning of the experiment, while a decrease in its concentration was recorded in soil cropped with maize grown in crop rotation. The total amount of nitrogen in the soil decreased regardless of the method of pre-sowing soil preparation. The humus content of soil under maize grown in monoculture with direct sowing or with full tillage did not change, while its amount increased in soil under maize grown in crop rotation with cereals.
Comparison of the Effect of Perennial Energy Crops and Agricultural Crops on Weed Flora Diversity
(MDPI, 2019) Feledyn-Szewczyk, Beata; Matyka, Mariusz; Staniak, Mariola
The cultivation of perennial energy crops is a new agricultural system and so there is limited information available on its effects on biodiversity. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the cultivation of energy crops on the diversity of weed flora and to compare this diversity with that found in crop production systems on arable land. The best habitats for weed flora were created by willow (Salix viminalis), poplar (Populus sp.), false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), and perennial grasses (25–30 species), with the exception of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) (20 species). The lowest diversity and abundance of weed flora were observed on plantations of Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). Weed communities in energy crops included more perennial species (by 11%), ruderal species (by 10%), and those typical for grassland (by 7%) and forests (by 4%), in comparison to arable land. The plantations of energy plants promoted an increase in the density of the invasive species Solidago gigantea (from 1.9 to 6.3 plants m-2 over six years). The introduction of perennial energy crops into an agricultural landscape causes quantitative and qualitative changes in weed flora communities and, therefore, control of the spread of some non-native and invasive species is needed.
Conservation Agricultural Practices for Improving Crop Production and Quality
(MDPI, 2025) Staniak, Mariola; Szpunar-Krok, Ewa
Czynniki agrotechniczne warunkujące plonowanie i wartość pokarmową festulolium
(Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, 2007) Staniak, Mariola
Dodatki paszowe stosowane w żywieniu zwierząt monogastrycznych i przeżuwaczy
(Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, 2010) Księżak, Jerzy; Gaweł, Eliza; Staniak, Mariola
DRY MATTER AND PROTEIN YIELDS AND LEAF GREENNESS (SPAD) OF RED CLOVER AND FESTULOLIUM DEPENDING ON CULTIVATION METHOD AND SOIL MOISTURE LEVEL
(Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Puławach) Staniak, Mariola; Baca, Edyta
Effect of catch crops and tillage systems on some chemical properties of loess soil in a short-term monoculture of spring wheat
(Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza (PTMag) oraz Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie (UWM), 2020) Kwiatkowski, Cezary A.; Harasim, Elżbieta; Staniak, Mariola
The aim of the present study was to compare the chemical soil quality parameters in a three-year spring wheat monoculture as affected by the incorporation of biomass of selected catch crops into the soil under two tillage systems (plough tillage and no-tillage). The experiment was set up as a split-plot design with 5 replicates on 27 m2 plots. The suitability of the following catch crops plants: white mustard, lacy phacelia, and a mixture of legumes (faba bean + spring vetch), was tested relative to the control treatment. The study was conducted in Czesławice (Poland), in 2013-2015. The experiment was established on loess soil with the grain size distribution of silt loam and classified as good wheat soil complex (soil class II). Soil samples were taken using a soil sampling auger from an area of 0.20 m2 (from the 0-20 cm layer) in each plot in the spring period (before spring wheat was sown). This study hypothesized that the catch crops, in combination with conservation tillage, would result in an improvement in some soil fertility chemical indicators in a several-year monoculture of spring wheat. It was proven that, regardless of a tillage system, the catch crops (in particular the mixture of legumes and white mustard) beneficially affected the soil chemical properties (in particular the content of soil humus, organic C, P, Mg and micronutrients). Tillage systems did not cause significant differences in soil pH. The catch crops also contributed to a reduction in phenolic compounds in the soil. Tillage systems had a weaker impact on the soil chemical parameters. Despite this, plough tillage promoted more favorable soil chemical composition in spring (compared to the conservation tillage).
Effect of Mineral Fertilization and Seed Inoculation with Microbial Preparation on Seed and Protein Yield of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
(MDPI, 2024) Yeremko, Liudmyla; Hanhur, Volodymyr; Staniak, Mariola
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different NPK rates and N application methods and seed inoculation with a microbial preparation on selected elements of plant growth and the productivity parameters seed yield, protein content in seeds and the yield of protein. The research hypothesis suggested that seed inoculation and a split rate of N application with an optimal supply of plants with PK could improve the nutritional status and increase the efficiency of nutrient use in peas. The studies included two factors: the application of NPK at doses of N0P0K0 (control), N15P15K15 (presowing), N15P30K30 + N15 (pre-sowing + N15 at BBCH 22–23), N30P30K30 (pre-sowing), N30P45K45 + N15 (pre-sowing + N15 at BBCH 22–23) and N45P45K45 (pre-sowing), and seed inoculation with the microbial preparation Rhizogumin. The results of the study showed significant effects of seed inoculation and mineral fertilization on pea plant growth and the productivity parameters seed yield, protein content and protein yield. It was concluded that among the studied combinations, seed inoculation and the application of mineral fertilizers with fractional nitrogen fertilization with N30P45K45 + N15 were the most effective. This combination significantly increased seed yield, protein content and protein yield compared to the control treatment (by 26.2%, 11.1% and 43,5%, respectively).
Effect of root excretions from spring cereal seedlings on legume seeds germination
(WFL Publisher, 2011-12) Księżak, Jerzy; Staniak, Mariola
Interaction of mixture components begins as early as during seed germination and can contribute to emergence limiting. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of root excretions of spring cereal seedlings on seed germination of legumes seeds. The experiment carried out in March and April 2009 under laboratory conditions, in the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute in Puławy, involved oat (Avena), barley (Hordeum), wheat (Triticum), triticale (x Triticosecale), pea (Pisum sativum), common vetch (Vicia), yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus) and blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius). Two concentrations of excretions were applied: I corresponding to the effect of one cereal seedling on one legume seed, II corresponding to the effect of five cereal seedlings on one legume seed. The effects were examined after 4 and 8 days. Root excretions applied in a lower concentration usually had no effect on the tested parameters characterizing the germination of legume seeds. However, the stimulating effect of barley excretions on the length of the pea and vetch rootlet was recorded as well as the effect of triticale on the length of rootlet and the weight and length of germ in pea. Favorable effect of triticale excretions was found both after 4 and 8 days from their application. Cereal excretions with higher concentrations, except for oat excretions, had mostly an inhibitory and in some cases even destructive effect on seed germination. No favorable effect of wheat excretions on seeds of both legume species was observed on any treatments.
Effects of Polymer Application Rates on Yield and Photosynthesis in Faba Bean and Pea
(MDPI, 2025) Czopek, Katarzyna; Staniak, Mariola
Climate change exacerbates soil moisture deficits, necessitating efficient water retention strategies. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) offer a potential solution to enhance water availability for crops during dry periods. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) were selected as model legumes due to their high nutritional value, agricultural importance in temperate regions, and sensitivity to drought stress This study evaluated the effects of different SAP application rates on the yield and physiological performance of two legume species: faba bean (cv. Granit) and pea (cv. Batuta). The two-year (2017–2018) field experiments employed a randomized block design with four replicates. Treatments included three SAP doses: 0 (control, SAP0), 20 (SAP20) and 30 (SAP30) kg·ha−1. The study was conducted over two years with contrasting weather: 2017 was wetter but had uneven rainfall distribution, while 2018 was drier and characterized by moisture deficits during critical growth stages. SAP application significantly increased seed yield in faba bean and pea, with the most favorable effect observed at 20 kg ha (average yield increase of 23.6% and 17.3%, respectively). SAP did not affect yield components in faba bean. However, in peas, an increase in pod number and seed number per plant was observed with the SAP30 dose compared to the SAP20 dose. Application of superabsorbent at a dose of 20 kg ha−1 significantly increased photosynthesis rate in faba bean, the Fv/Fm index in the tested species, and the PI in peas compared to the control. However, the superabsorbent did not affect transpiration rate or the WUE coefficient in the tested legume species. Significantly higher yields in faba bean and pea and all tested plant structure parameters in pea were recorded in 2018 compared to 2017. The tested parameters of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were higher in pea in 2018 (except for transpiration intensity) and in faba bean in 2017. The findings suggest that SAPs can be a useful tool to mitigate water stress effects in legumes, although their effectiveness depends on environmental conditions. Therefore, SAP application may be a promising agronomic strategy in regions prone to irregular rainfall or moderate drought.
Estimation of productivity and nutritive value of pea-barley mixtures in organic farming
(WFL Publisher, 2012) Staniak, Mariola; Księżak, Jerzy; Bojarszczuk, Jolanta
Cultivation of legume-cereal mixtures brings natural and economic benefits. Legumes in such cropping develop faster, ripe more uniformly and yield more stably especially in less favourable habitats as compared to legumes in pure stand. Mixed fodder contains more nutrient elements and the quality of dry matter is better than legumes in pure sowing. Such mixtures are also an important element of organic farming. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yielding of Pisum sativum cultivar with different foliage types with Hordeum vulgare cropping depending on the share of components in seeds mass in organic farming. Field experiment was carried out in 2008-2010, split-plot design, in four replications. The first rank factor was the cultivar of P. sativum: Set (bipinnate cultivar) and Terno (semi-leafless cultivar) in 2008 and Set and Ramrod (semi-leafless cultivar) in 2009 and 2010. The second rank factor was the percentage of P. sativum in the mixture: 40, 60 and 80%. In the conditions of reduced precipitation (June 2008) the increase of P. sativum percentage in a mixture caused decrease of the yields, independently of the cultivar, while in the wet year (2009) it caused increase of yields. In 2008 and 2010 the yields of mixture of H. vulgare with evaluated P. sativum cultivars were very similar but in 2009 the yield of mixture with Set cultivar was higher than with Ramrod cultivar. The increasing of percentage of P. sativum seeds in the mass of sown seeds had relatively low influence on its morphological features. Higher settling to the first and the last pod have been observed. The increasing of pod number per plants and number of pods per fruiting node has been noted in the Terno cultivar. The increasing of the P. sativum seeds percentage in the yield of mixture had positive effect on the concentration of total protein and crude fat contents, reducing crude fibre. Better quality of fodder has been obtained from mixture of H. vulgare with P. sativum Set cultivar. A cultivar of P. sativum as well as its percentage in the crop mixture had little influence on the content of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. The increasing of potassium concentration in fodder with higher share of P. sativum seeds has been observed.
Euphorbia-Derived Natural Products with Potential for Use in Health Maintenance
(MDPI, 2019) Salehi, Bahare; Iriti, Marcello; Vitalini, Sara; Antolak, Hubert; Pawlikowska, Ewelina; Kręgiel, Dorota; Sharifi-Rad, Javad; Oyeleye, Sunday I.; Ademiluyi, Adedayo O.; Czopek, Katarzyna; Staniak, Mariola; Custódio, Luísa; Coy-Barrera, Ericsson; Segura-Carretero, Antonio; de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea, María; Capasso, Raffaele; Cho, William C.; Seca, Ana M. L.
Euphorbia genus (Euphorbiaceae family), which is the third largest genus of angiosperm plants comprising ca. 2000 recognized species, is used all over the world in traditional medicine, especially in the traditional Chinese medicine. Members of this taxa are promptly recognizable by their specialized inflorescences and latex. In this review, an overview of Euphorbia-derived natural products such as essential oils, extracts, and pure compounds, active in a broad range of biological activities, and with potential usages in health maintenance, is described. The chemical composition of essential oils from Euphorbia species revealed the presence of more than 80 phytochemicals, mainly oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons, while Euphorbia extracts contain secondary metabolites such as sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sterols, flavonoids, and other polyphenols. The extracts and secondary metabolites from Euphorbia plants may act as active principles of medicines for the treatment of many human ailments, mainly inflammation, cancer, and microbial infections. Besides, Euphorbia-derived products have great potential as a source of bioactive extracts and pure compounds, which can be used to promote longevity with more health.
Evaluation of mixtures of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) with spring cereals grown for seeds
(ALÖKI Kft., 2018) Księżak, Jerzy; Staniak, Mariola; Bojarszczuk, Jolanta
Cultivation of legume-cereals mixtures is considered a good agricultural practice in many European countries, especially in organic and low-input farming systems. The aim of the study was to determine the productivity of mixtures of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) with spring cereals, depending on the species of grain component and its percentage in mixture. Field experiments were carried out in the years of 2011-2013 at the Agricultural Experimental Station Grabów in Poland, using the system of random sub-blocks, with a control treatment, in four replications. The study included three species of cereals: wheat (Tricicum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and triticale (Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus), as well as three percentages of lupine in the weight of sown seeds: 40, 60, 80%. The experiment was conducted on the soil of good wheat complex, class IIIa. The studies showed that the highest yield was obtained from the mixture of yellow lupine with wheat. Increasing the percentage of lupine seeds resulted in lower mixture yields, regardless of cereal species. Lupine grown in mixtures with cereals formed less pods, seeds per pod and per plant and produced a lower seed weight compared with their counterparts grown in pure stands. Legumes grown in mixture with cereals favorably affected morphological characteristics of cereals, contributing to their higher tillering and producing a higher number of grains per plant. The grain of cereals grown in mixtures with lupine had higher contents of total protein and crude fibre than the grain of cereals grown in pure stands.
Evaluation of productivity of cereals and Jerusalem artichoke to be used for biogas depending on the level of nitrogen fertilization
(Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Puławach) Księżak, Jerzy; Matyka, Mariusz; Staniak, Mariola; Pazera, Anna

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