Trends in Polish agriculture in the 30-year period of 1990–2019
Loading...
Date
2021
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Puławach
Abstract
Description
Presented paper analyzed changes in Polish agriculture
assessed on the basis of 22 indicators characterizing agricultural
resources, consumption of production goods and the result
of agricultural production in the years 1990–2019. The aim of
the research was to find the trends that have emerged in Polish
agriculture in the last 30 years. The data published by the Central
Statistical Office was used as source data. The results showed
a significant dynamics of changes in both level and structure of
agricultural production.
Since 1990s, the specialization of farms has deepened, which
was a result of the systemic transformation and Poland’s accession
to the structures of the European Union. The specialization
was deepened mostly through the changes in use of production
factors to promote the leading agricultural activity of farm in
terms of increasing the scale and marketability of production. The
study showed some positive changes of Polish agriculture, i.e.:
the development of large farms, an increase in the average area
of farms and in land concentration, increased yields of plants,
slaughter efficiency of livestock and milk efficiency of cows, reduction
of employment in agriculture as a factor of increasing labor
productivity. On the other hand, the unfavorable phenomena
were found, such as: decreasing acreage of agricultural land in
Poland, reduction of outlays on certain production goods (including
low use of certified seeds and fertilizing lime), a downward
trend in the number of livestock (but with a noticeable improvement
in their productivity).
The main determinants of changes in the level and structure
of agricultural production included a reduction in the area of agricultural
land and the number of commercial farms, as well as
an increase in their average area, but also an increase in plant and
livestock production efficiency.
Keywords
agricultural resources, consumption of production goods, agricultural production, change tendencies
Citation
Polish Journal of Agronomy
2021, 47, 22-33