Factors of the development of organic farming in Poland at the voivodship level
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Date
2020
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Puławach
Abstract
Description
The purpose of the research based on the data from the
Report on the state of organic farming in Poland in 2015–2016
and environmental conditions, was to determine the impact of
natural and economic factors and subsidies from EU programs on
the level of organic production and to better understand the diversity
of the spatial structure of organic farming within the system
of provinces (voivodships). Nineteen structural, socio-economic
and financial features, and 3 environmental features that characterize
the quality of agricultural production and forms of nature
protection for 16 voivodships, were used as assessment criteria.
Principal component analysis allowed the basic factors of diversification
to be discovered of the set of voivodships contained in
the hidden structure defined by the features adopted for analysis.
Homogeneous groups – organic farming types by voivodships
were distinguished using the k-means method.
The comparative analysis allowed the connections between
the structure of organic farming and its place in voivodships to be
highlighted in connection with support for organic farming, the
number of producers of organic agricultural products, production
of feed on arable land, production of cereals and vegetables. The
location of organic farms is related to the occurrence of Natura
2000 areas. The first type includes two voivodships, Zachodniopomorskie
and Warmińsko-Mazurskie – with the highest level
of development of organic farming. In the second type, the following
voivodships were concentrated: Lubelskie, Łódzkie, Mazowieckie,
Podlaskie and Świętokrzyskie, with a high level of organic
farming, where farms smaller in area, that focus on fruit and
vegetable production are the predominant type. In the third type,
the following voivodships were located in the region of western
Poland: Pomorskie and Wielkopolskie with a medium level of
organic farming and very diverse in characteristics, including the
largest and smaller organic farms with a low level of fruit and
vegetable production. The fourth type includes the Małopolskie
and Podkarpackie voivodships with a very small farm area and
a small number of producers. In the fifth type with the least developed organic farming with a small number of producers and low
fruit and vegetable production, three voivodships focused on the
average farm area: Śląskie, Opolskie and Kujawsko-Pomorskie.
Keywords
organic farming, Rural Development Program, Principal
component analysis – PCA, voivodships, Poland
Citation
Polish Journal of Agronomy
2020, 43, 34–46