Browsing by Author "Reyes-Rojas, Jessica"

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    A Multiple Soil Threats Assessment for Europe by 2050
    (Wiley, 2026-06-24) Coblinski, João Augusto; Cornu, Sophie; Pindral, Sylwia; Borůvka, Lubos; Medina-Roldán, Eduardo; Reyes-Rojas, Jessica; Saby, Nicolas P. A.
    European soils are exposed to multiple interacting soil threats (STs), challenging the European Commission's objective of restoring healthy soils by 2050. This study provides the first integrated EU-scale projection of four major soil threats—soil compaction, soil organic carbon loss, soil erosion and soil sealing—under two IPCC climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5), while accounting for land-use change. Unlike previous assessments that examined threats separately, this research analyzes their co-occurrence through the concept of “soil threat bundles”. Using digital soil mapping and a k-means clustering approach, the study identified 20 ST bundles and their spatial variation across Europe by 2050. Results show that around 40% of EU soils will not face significant threats, while approximately one-third will experience only one major threat. 22% of soils will be exposed to two simultaneous threats, and between less than 1% (SSP1-2.6) and more than 5% (SSP5-8.5) will experience three interacting threats. Overall, nearly 60% of EU soils could be affected by at least one threat by 2050, a proportion comparable to current estimates of unhealthy soils in Europe. The findings highlight strong differences between climate scenarios. Under SSP1-2.6, land-use change is the second main driver of soil threat distribution. In contrast, under SSP5-8.5, climate change becomes the second main driver, intensifying soil compaction, SOC loss, and erosion, particularly in Central Europe, western England, and the Pyrenees. The study emphasizes the importance of integrated assessments to design targeted soil protection policies within the EU Green Deal and Soil Strategy for 2050.
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    Review of Soil Threats and Soil-Related Ecosystem Services European Maps: Can We Use Them to Study Their Relationships?
    (Wiley, 2025-10-22) Reyes-Rojas, Jessica ; Montagne, David ; Saby, Nicolas P. A. ; Coblinski, João Augusto ; Pindral, Sylwia ; Medina-Roldán, Eduardo ; Lorenzetti, Romina ; Scammacca, Ottone ; Piccini, Chiara ; Borůvka, Luboš ; Cornu, Sophie
    The scientific concepts of soil threats (STs) and soil-related ecosystem services (SESs) are gaining importance and are fueling the debate on natural resources management and decision-making within the EU. The literature reports numerous assessments of individual STs and SESs at the European scale. However, a comprehensive overview of the patterns emerging from the relationships between STs and SESs is still lacking, which restricts the ability to limit soil degradation and its impact on SESs. In this article, we provide an in-depth analysis of existing European maps for three STs (soil organic carbon loss, erosion, and compaction) and four SESs (climate regulation and carbon sequestration, hydrological control, biomass production, and erosion control) and the feasibility of combining them to study their relationships. At the EU-level, 37 maps for these STs and 17 for these SESs were encountered. With the notable exception of erosion, these maps differ considerably in their conceptualization of STs and SESs, and in the indicators, methods, and databases used to assess them. In the current situation, the combination of individual maps of STs and SESs to study their relationships is rarely possible. Besides these limitations, we identify possible combinations and provide recommendations aimed at improving the compatibility between different STs/SESs maps. We conclude that there is a need for a more robust framework for conceptualizing STs/SESs and for systematically and precisely specifying the chosen indicators.