Browsing by Author "Kraska, Piotr"

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    Prolonged drought stress induced changes in yield and physiological processes of Trifolium repens and Festulolium braunii
    (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2020) Staniak, Mariola; Bojarszczuk, Jolanta; Kraska, Piotr; Kwiatkowski, Cezary; Harasim, Elżbieta
    Water deficit is one of the main environmental factors, and the recognition of plant response to drought stress seems to be crucial for the yield improvement of the important crops. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of prolonged drought stress on dry matter yield, gas exchange parameters, and relative chlorophyll content in the leaves of Festulolium braunii and Trifolium repens grown in pure stands and in mixture. In the pot experiment, different levels of soil moisture (well-watered conditions and drought stress) and of cultivation method (pure stand and mixture) have been applied. The study has shown that all measured parameters were affected by drought stress. Dry mass yield, net photosynthetic rate (PN), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance were significantly lower under drought stress than under well-watered conditions in all treatment types. T. repens showed the strongest response to stress, whereas F. braunii the weakest when both those species were grown in the pure stand. Under drought conditions, the yield of the mixture was similar to that of F. braunii cultivated in the pure stand, and significantly higher than that of T. repens cultivated in the pure stand. It was also found that under the stress, PN and E of both species in the the mixture was higher than in the pure stand. The highest water use efficiency was observed in F. braunii grown in the mixture. Our research shows, that in regions with limited rainfall, T. repens is more useful for growing in a mixture with F. braunii, than in the pure stand.
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    Supporting Crop and Different Row Spacing as Factors Influencing Weed Infestation in Lentil Crop and Seed Yield under Organic Farming Conditions
    (MDPI, 2020) Kraska, Piotr; Andruszczak, Sylwia; Kwiecińska-Poppe, Ewa; Staniak, Mariola; Różyło, Krzysztof; Rusecki, Hubert
    A field study was conducted at the Certified Organic Farm in Poland over the period 2014–2016. This study evaluated weed infestation and seed yield of the lentil varieties ‘Tina’ and ‘Anita’, as well as of a mixture of these two varieties, sole cropped and row intercropped with naked oats as a supporting crop. Additionally, lentil was sown at a di erent row spacing of 20 and 25 cm. The lentil variety ‘Anita’ produced 25.3% higher yields than var. ‘Tina’. Weight of 1000 seed, number of pods per plant, and first pod height did not di er significantly in the treatments with the lentil varieties. The lentil seed yield obtained in the treatments with a supporting crop was lower by 9.4% compared with the sole cropped plots. In turn, the 1000 seed weight was 3.9% higher in the treatment where a supporting crop was used. The presence of oats as a supporting crop in lentil crop allowed crop competitiveness against weeds to be increased significantly, thus reducing their total number and dry weight by 5.3% and 30.5%, respectively. Sowing lentil at di erent row spacings did not have a significant e ect on seed yield and weed infestation in crop. The greatest diversity of weed species was found in the treatments where the mixture of the lentil varieties was sown and in the treatment with the smaller row spacing. Intercropping of lentil with oats resulted in reduced occurrence of monocotyledonous weeds such as Echinochloa crus-galli and Elymus repens. The presence of oat as a supporting crop can e ectively reduce the pressure from weeds without significantly reducing lentil cultivar yield in organic farming.
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    The content of some micronutrients in rendzina soil cultivated using different tillage systems and catch crops
    (Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Puławach, 2011) Kraska, Piotr
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    The influence of soil tillage systems, fertilization and plant protection levels on some yielding constituents of winter rye growing in crop rotation on light soil
    (Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Puławach, 2002) Kraska, Piotr; Pałys, Edward
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    Wpływ zróżnicowanej agrotechniki na plon i wybrane cechy jakościowe ziarna jęczmienia jarego i żyta ozimego
    (IUNG-PIB, 2005) Kraska, Piotr
    Badania polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2001-2003 w GD Bezek w pobliżu Chełma, należącym do Akademii Rolniczej w Lublinie. Doświadczenie zlokalizowane było na glebie bielicowej niecałkowitej, leżącej na podłożu marglistym o składzie granulometrycznym piasku gliniastego lekkiego i mocnego. Gleba ta zaliczona jest do klasy bonitacyjnej IVb i kompleksu żytniego dobrego. Podjęte badania miały na celu określenie wpływu płużnego i bezorkowego systemu uprawy roli oraz dwóch poziomów nawożenia mineralnego i ochrony chemicznej stosowanych w płodozmianie: ziemniak - jęczmień jary - żyto ozime na plon ziarna i białka ogólnego oraz wybrane cechy jakościowe jęczmienia jarego i żyta ozimego. Płużny system uprawy roli oraz intensywny poziom nawożenia mineralnego i ochrony chemicznej zwiększał plon ziarna oraz białka ogólnego jęczmienia jarego i żyta ozimego w porównaniu z systemem bezorkowym i podstawowym poziomem chemizacji. Liczba i masa ziarn w kłosie, MTZ oraz procentowa zawartość białka w ziarnie jęczmienia jarego nie były istotnie różnicowane przez system uprawy roli oraz poziom chemizacji. Procentowa zawartość białka w ziarnie żyta ozimego oraz MTZ były istotnie większe w wariantach z intensywnym poziomem nawożenia i ochrony chemicznej w porównaniu z poziomem podstawowym.