Browsing by Author "Kowalska, Iwona"

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    A Review of the Biological Activity and Structure–Property Relationships of the Main Compounds from Schisandra chinensis
    (Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy w Puławach, 2025) Skalski, Bartosz; Kuźniak, Elżbieta; Kowalska, Iwona; Sikora, Monika; Olas, Beata
    Schisandra chinensis is a plant from the Schisandraceae family that grows in humid climates, such as forests and mountain slopes. This plant is attracting the attention of an increasing number of scientists around the world, mainly due to its medicinal properties. It contains a variety of bioactive compounds that exhibit significant biological activities, including lignans, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids, organic acids and essential oils. This publication is a review of the latest knowledge and research conducted in the field of analysis of biologically active compounds isolated from Schisandra chinensis.
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    Drying of Red Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): Process Kinetics, Color Changes, Carotenoid Content and Phenolic Profile
    (MDPI, 2024) Krzykowski, Andrzej; Rudy, Stanisław; Polak, Renata; Biernacka, Beata; Krajewska, Anna; Janiszewska-Turak, Emilia; Kowalska, Iwona; Żuchowski, Jerzy; Skalski, Bartosz; Dziki, Dariusz
    Studies were conducted focusing on the drying of chili pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.), cultivar Cyklon, using convective (AD), convective-microwave (AMD), vacuum (VD), and freezedrying (FD) methods. The influence of the drying method and temperature on the kinetics of the process and selected quality attributes of the dried product were evaluated. It was demonstrated that the Midilli model best described the drying kinetics for all methods across the entire measurement range. FD and VD produced dried products with the highest brightness and the greatest value of the a* color parameter. The lowest b* color parameter was observed for the product dried using FD at 40 ◦C, while the highest b* value was noted for samples dried using AMD (100 W) at 60 ◦C. The highest carotenoid retention was achieved with the FD method at 40 ◦C, while the lowest carotenoid content was found in the product obtained using the AMD method (100 W) at 60 ◦C. The smallest losses of capsaicinoids were observed after FD drying at 40 ◦C, while the largest were found for AMD (100 W) at 60 ◦C. The analysis of chili pepper fruit extracts revealed the quantitative composition of 12 main phenolic compounds using the UHPLC-UV method. The highest polyphenol content was obtained with FD, while the lowest total polyphenol content was recorded after AD. Regardless of temperature, the total flavonoid content was highest in extracts from FD products, and the lowest flavonoid content was found after AMD at 100W. For all drying methods analyzed, the total flavonoid content in the pepper extracts decreased with increasing temperature.
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    In Vitro Digestion of Polyphenolic Compounds and the Antioxidant Activity of Acorn Flour and Pasta Enriched with Acorn Flour
    (MDPI, 2024) Kasprzak-Drozd, Kamila ; Mołdoch, Jarosław; Gancarz, Marek; Wójtowicz, Agnieszka; Kowalska, Iwona; Oniszczuk, Tomasz; Oniszczuk, Anna
    Acorn flour is a rich source of nutrients and is beneficial to human health due to, among other things, its low glycemic index and polyphenol content. In order to obtain more accurate data on the levels and activities of the substances tested after ingestion and digestion, it may be beneficial to use a simulated in vitro digestion method. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to elucidate the content of polyphenols, individual phenolic acids, flavonoids and antiradical properties of acorn flour and pasta enriched with acorn flour before and after simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The results indicate that the total polyphenol content (TPC), flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity exhibited an increasing trend following the initial digestion stage and a decreasing trend following the second stage. Nevertheless, the levels of phenolic acids demonstrated an increase in both digestion phases. The digestion processes of polyphenols in acorn flour differ significantly from those in pasta. In the case of pasta, total polyphenols , phenolic acids and flavonoids, as well as free radical scavenging properties, demonstrated a decreasing trend following each digestion stage.
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    The agricultural and therapeutic potential of Lavatera thuringiaca L. (Malvaceae)
    (Acta Agrobotanica, 2023) Staniak, Mariola; Kowalska, Iwona; Ruhul, Amin; Sharifi-Rad, Javad; Czopek, Katarzyna; Stępień-Warda, Anna
    One of the poorly recognized plant species well adapted to cultivation in temperate climate conditions is Lavatera thuringiaca L. It is a common species in Europe, but so far has not found much economic use. Few literature data report its high production potential, favorable chemical composition of biomass, resistance to adverse stress conditions, and medicinal properties. e biomass can be used for fodder and energy purposes and as forage for bees and other pollinators. L. thuringiaca can also be useful for the management of fallow soils or marginal land and for the reclamation of contaminated land. In turn, the presence of biologically active compounds offers opportunities for its use in medicine. Wider diversification of cultivated species is a key to ensuring food security and economic sustainability, especially in view of the observed climate change. In this context, an extensive review of literature dealing with taxonomic studies, morphological diversity and biological properties of L. thuringiaca, and the potential for multipurpose use of this species has been carried out.
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    The Effect of Farming Systems and Cultivars on the Qualitative and Quantitative Composition of Bioactive Compounds in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (MDPI, 2025) Kowalska, Iwona; Soluch, Agata; Mołdoch, Jarosław; Jończyk, Krzysztof
    Triticum aestivum L. subsp. spelta (cv. Rokosz) and common winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum (cv. Arktis, Belissa, Estivus, Fidelius, Hondia, Jantarka, KWS Ozon, Linus, Markiza, Ostka Strzelecka, Pokusa) grown in an organic farming system were analyzed and compared. Furthermore, the productivity of four common wheat cultivars (cv. Fidelius, Hondia, Jantarka, KWS Ozon) grown under four different (organic, conventional, integrated, and monoculture) farming systems was compared. Using UPLC-DAD-MS, UPLC-PDA-MS/MS, and TLC-DPPH•, nine phenolic acids, nine alkylresorcinols, and their antiradical activity were identified and quantified. In the organic farming system, the highest yield was observed for T. aestivum L. subsp. aestivum cv. Fidelius (4.17 t/ha). Infections of wheat cultivars were low or at a medium level. The highest resistance to Fusarium fungi was shown by cv. Fidelius, which also exhibited the highest alkylresorcinol content and antioxidant capacity. The total phenolic acid content was highest in cv. Rokosz (1302.3 µg/g), followed by common winter wheat cultivars cv. Linus (1135.1 µg/g) and cv. Markiza (1089.6 µg/g). The potential of winter wheat cultivars for human health and their suitability for cultivation in different production systems was determined, showing significant differences in bioactive compounds depending on cultivars, systems, and years.
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    The Effects of a Cultivar and Production System on the Qualitative and Quantitative Composition of Bioactive Compounds in Spring Wheat (Triticum sp.)
    (MDPI, 2024) Kowalska, Iwona; Pawelec, Sylwia; Pecio, Łukasz; Feledysz-Szewczyk, Beata
    Spelt Triticum aestivum L. subsp. spelta (cv. Wirtas), einkorn Triticum monococcum L. (cv. Samopsza) and emmer Triticum dicoccum Schrank (Schuebl) (cv. Płaskurka biała and Płaskurka ciemna) spring wheat cultivars were analyzed and compared to common wheat Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum (cv. Harenda, Kandela, Mandaryna, Serenada, Goplana, Kamelia, Nimfa, Rusałka, Struna, Zadra) cultivated in an organic production system. Moreover, the performance of four common wheat cultivars (cv. Harenda, Kandela, Mandaryna, Serenada) grown in organic, conventional and integrated production systems were compared. The UHPLC-DAD-MS and TLCDPPH• analyses of specific substances phenolic acids and alkylresorcinols) were evaluated to ascertain the potential of spring wheat cultivars for promoting human health and suitability for cultivation in an organic production system. The highest yield was observed for the T. aestivum L. subsp. aestivum (modern hull-less) cv. Nimfa (4.45 t/ha), which also demonstrated the lowest resistance to Fusarium spp. infection. Among the contemporary hull-less cultivars, cv. Mandaryna and cv. Harenda exhibited the highest resistance to this pathogen (2.4% and 3.7% of grains infected by Fusarium, respectively), while simultaneously displaying the highest organic phenolic acid content (900.92 and 984.55 μg/g of the grain) and the highest antioxidant potential. It is noteworthy that the cereal hulls of T. monococcum L. (old hulled) (cv. Samopsza) exhibited a markedly elevated content of phenolic acids (approximately 4000 μg/g of the grain). This may have contributed to the reduced incidence of Fusarium infection (9.3% of grains infected) observed in the grains of this cultivar. Furthermore, the hulls proved to be a rich source of phenolics with high antioxidant activity, which is beneficial for human and animal health.