Pindral, SylwiaWnuk, AgnieszkaCoblinski, João AugustoSmreczak, Bożena2026-10-232026-10-232026Front. Environ. Sci. 14:19238782296-665X10.3389/fenvs.2026.1923878https://bc.iung.pl/handle/123456789/4824https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2026.1923878/fullSoils create a complex terrestrial system, in which many biotic and abiotic factors cross and interact with each other. The capacity of the soils to provide soil ecosystem services (SESs) varies according to their properties. Regulating soil-based ecosystem services (rSESs) plays a key role in the environmental stability maintenance, agricultural productivity, and the resistance of soil to climate and anthropogenic pressures. Despite the increasing importance of this research topic, the interconnections within the rSESs are weakly recognised, especially in the national spatial scale. For this reason, in the presented research, we aimed to find relations between individual SESs categorised as rSESs, soil properties, and environmental indicators. To achieve this, the distribution of individual SES values among the soil agronomy categories and land-use classes were analysed. The analysis and statistical evaluation were performed for Polish agricultural land as an example for the Central Europe pedoclimatic zone. Our results confirmed that soil texture plays a key role in the distribution of rSESs. However, rSESs do not function as an independent phenomenon, but rather as a self-regulating system. The role of soil texture in it is primal, supported strongly by the soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, available water capacity (AWC), and vegetation density. The findings indicate that soil of high SOC and fine texture can play a crucial role as the buffer limiting and depleting the consequences of climate changes. All these results confirmed the functioning of soil as a very complex system regulating cycles and flows of water, energy, and nutrients in the environment. We believe that the approach presented in this research will become an important base for the creation of soil protection plans, new soil-management strategies, and policies adapted to the ongoing climate and land-use changes.enagroecosystems, multivariate statistical analyses, soil, soil–environment relationship, textureArticle